I've seen this in some examples, but it didn't seem to work when I tried it out. Basically, take a scenario where you have a placeholder name prefix, like "column" or "row", but in the actual placeholder names you have "column1" and "column2", etc. In the placeholder settings, you want a common placeholder setting for both, so you use the key "column*" to catch both placeholders.
Like I said, I've seen this in a book or article, but not a working code sample, so I don't know if it requires code/pipeline intervention.
GetPlaceholderRenerings
pipeline