For Sitecore 9.1 you should not create the API key in Core DB [I mean the link you referred above is for previous version of Sitecore], You have to create the API key in master DB under the path /sitecore/system/Settings/Services/API Keys
If you don't have the site setup then look at your default site in Sitecore.config, if the database is "web" then you need to publish the API key to work.
<site name="website" enableTracking="true" virtualFolder="/" physicalFolder="/" rootPath="/sitecore/content" startItem="/home" language="en" database="web"../>
If you already have the app setup, Check your entry in JSS application config located in "\Website\App_Config\Include\yourappname.config", if the database is "web" then you need to publish the API key. If it is "master" you actually no need to publish and it will read the content from master context.
<site patch:before="site[@name='website']"
inherits="website"
name="portal-poc-app"
hostName="hostname"
rootPath="/sitecore/content/appname"
startItem="/home"
database="web" />