Forgive me for asking but did you REBUILD the search indexes after publishing?
Assuming you have not changed your searching and indexing configuration then after rebuilding the indexes you should see your definition items there.
Make sure your re-indexing operation complete without errors and also please make sure to select the sitecore_web_index in order to have your web items indexed.

If you already did this AND if you are using LUCENE then you could use LUKE like @ThomasBaek suggested.
Another possibility would be to write some code to query your indexes.
Please adapt the code below according to your needs.
public List<Item> SeachItemInIndex()
{
var webDB= Sitecore.Data.Database.GetDatabase("web");
var itemId = webDB.GetItem("{46587368-HA19-48BB-8FC9-F1DF31GB6C8E}");
var index = Sitecore.ContentSearch.ContentSearchManager.GetIndex("sitecore_web_index");
var allItems = new List<Item>();
using (Sitecore.ContentSearch.IProviderSearchContext context = index.CreateSearchContext())
{
allItems = context.GetQueryable<Item>().Where(x => x.ID == itemID).ToList();
}
return allItems;
}
I hope that helps!
Regards
lukeall
app to see if the item is present into the index and if it is solr, you can perform query on the Solr Server