TDS 5.1 added the ability to manage roles within TDS. You have to enable management of roles in TDS in the project. This is done by opening the TDS project properties and, on the General Property tab, enabling the "Manage Sitecore Roles in TDS" check box:
Once you've enabled this, a folder item called "Sitecore Rules"Roles" will appear. From there, you can manage roles in much the same way as you can manage items.
Hedgehog has documented this functionality here: https://hedgehogdevelopment.github.io/tds/chapter4.html#sync-sitecore-roles.