I typically disable caching for my local environment by setting the HTML cache lifetime to 1 second using the following config patch:
<setting name="Caching.HtmlLifetime">
<patch:attribute name="value">00:00:01</patch:attribute>
</setting>
<setting name="Caching.HtmlLifetime">
<patch:attribute name="value">00:00:01</patch:attribute>
</setting>
To make this specific to your local environment, you can patch it in using a configuration transforms or using a tool like Slow Cheetah