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I faced the similar issue, it was due to the dataprovider configuration at the database level.

Starting from Sitecore 10, the dataprovider contains 2 params headProvider and readOnlyDataProviders and should be of type CompositeDataProvider. In order to patch the dataprovider configuration, it should be configured under the headProvider param as below.

<database id="web" role:require="Standalone or Reporting or ContentManagement or ContentDelivery">
  <dataProviders>
      <dataProvider type="Sitecore.Data.DataProviders.CompositeDataProvider, Sitecore.Kernel">
         <param desc="headProvider">
            <dataProvider param1="$(id)">
                <prefetch hint="raw:AddPrefetch">
                    <patch:delete />
                </prefetch>
            </dataProvider>
        </param>
     </dataProvider>
  </dataProviders>
</database>

You can make the custom data provider added inside your solution, inherits the above structure to avoid duplication of content items.

Hope this helps!!! Let me know in case you face any issues.