The problem you have is the item that you are trying to query. You are trying to get PDF item, so its in the media library.
By default, the preview GraphQL API running on the CM or delivery API running on a CD sets its content root at /sitecore/content
, you cannot query any content outside of that.
Update
Confirmed this with the product team, the limitation of the preview api only querying items under /sitecore/content
is a known limitation and will be fixed in the future (current date: April 29th 2024)
Solution
To get around the issue for now, you will need to create a data template that you can link to the PDF item and also has fields for the information you need. Either that or because you are on 10.3, you could write a custom Rendering Content Resolver that gets the version of the media item in code and returns it out.
With Experience Edge
If you are using Experience Edge, then the media items are published and you can query them from Edge, so you would need to change your query from Integrated GraphQL to component based GraphQL.